Igneous Rocks
Igneous rock is shaped via the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. The magma may be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in both a planet’s mantle or crust.
Ignimbrite
Ignimbrite is an expansion of hardened tuff. Ignimbrites are igneous rocks made up by crystal and rock fragments in a glass-shard groundmass, albeit the original texture of the groundmass is probably obliterated due to high degrees of welding. The term ignimbrite isn't always encouraged by means of the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks.
Granodiorite
Granodiorite is a phaneritic-textured intrusive igneous rock similar to granite, but containing more plagioclase feldspar than orthoclase feldspar. According to the QAPF diagram, granodiorite has a greater than 20% quartz by volume, and between 65% to 90% of the feldspar is plagioclase. A greater amount of plagioclase would designate the rock as tonalite.
Andesite
This volcanic rock is named after the Andes Mountains. Intermediate in silica content, it is usually gray in color and may be fine-grained or porphyritic. Andesite is the volcanic equivalent of diorite. It consists of the plagioclase feldspar minerals andesine and oligoclase, together with one or more dark
Gabbro
Gabbro is a type of intrusive igneous rock that is coarse-grained and dark-colored, typically composed of calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and sometimes olivine. It...
Basalt
Basalt is the most abundant volcanic rock on Earth, covering more than 90% of the ocean floor and large continental regions shaped by ancient...
