Fossil Coral

Archaeocyathids

Brachiopods

Ammonites

Fossils

Home Paleontology Fossils
Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms that have been preserved in rock or other geological materials over long periods of time. They provide valuable evidence of past life on Earth and help scientists understand the history of our planet, the evolution of various species, and the environmental conditions that existed in the past.

Trilobite

Trilobites are a group of extinct marine arthropods that existed for a staggering period of time, spanning over 270 million years. They first appeared...

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Chalk vs Limestone: Differences, Formation, Properties & Uses (Complete Guide)

Chalk and limestone are two of the most common carbonate rocks on Earth, yet they represent very different geological histories, textures, and engineering behaviors....

Gemstones by Color Chart

Gemstones tell stories in color.From the glowing red of a ruby to the calm blue of a sapphire and the rich green of an...

Erosion and Weathering: Examples & Processes

The surface of our planet is constantly changing. Mountains crumble, valleys deepen, and rocks break apart over time. These transformations occur because of two...

Basalt vs Granite – Key Differences

Basalt and granite are among the most common and important igneous rocks on Earth. Both form from molten magma, but under very different conditions.Basalt...

10 Minerals That Changed the Course of Human History

Throughout human history, minerals have been far more than just stones beneath our feet — they’ve been the very foundation of progress. Each era...

List of Black Gemstones: The Geology, Formation, and Symbolism

Black gemstones represent one of the most fascinating intersections between geology and human culture.Their deep colors — produced by iron oxides, carbon inclusions, and...

Metamorphic Rocks: Foliation, Lineation, and Metamorphic Grades

Introduction: The Transformation of Rocks Under PressureMetamorphic rocks are the result of an incredible transformation. When existing rocks—whether igneous, sedimentary, or even older metamorphic...

Mineral Identification Chart for Beginners

Understanding how to identify minerals is one of the most essential skills in geology. Minerals form the building blocks of rocks, and learning to...